Cow dung, manure, or feces is indigestible plant material released onto the ground from the intestine of a cow. Feces is generally not a favorite topic of conversation, whether it comes from an animal or a human. Cow dung is worth discussing, though. It's a useful material and helps us in a variety of ways. It's also a plentiful and renewable resource. It's a shame when it's wasted. Therefore, here we are going to see the cow dung use in India:

1) Fuel and Biogas from Cow Dung Cake-Dried cow manure is the best fuel. In many villages, manure from local cows is routinely gathered and dried for fuel. Indeed, even in North America, this is popular, and people gather the wastage of dairy animals as fertilizer. The biogas has 55% methane, 30% carbon dioxide, and other gases like hydrogen, nitrogen. All gathered cow dung is given as feedstock to produce the biogas. It is produced by anaerobic decomposition of cow dung. Making the biogas from cow dung is simple. Build a bio digester, then supply water and leave it isolated. Indeed, cow dung opens up a new dimension to build an eco-friendly environment by recycling the wastages.

2) Organic Matter- Adding manure to soils is an excellent way to increase soil organic matter. Soil organic matter contributes to overall soil health - the soil’s ability and sustainability to function as a living ecosystem. In addition to slowly releasing plant nutrients over turning Manure into Valuable Products - Organic Matterime, organic matter improves soil structure and the soil’s ability to hold water. Healthier soils improve crop yields and reduce soil loss from both wind and water erosion, and protect water quality by reducing contaminated runoff. Land managers can increase soil organic matter by applying raw manure or a manure product like compost, pellets, or bio char - a product of manure combustion. Manure should be utilized appropriately, as noted in the previous section. Uses of cow dung in agriculture is very beneficial foe crops.

3) Using Cow Dung as a Building Material- A mud and cow dung paste is sometimes applied to the floors of rural homes in India and may be applied to the walls as well. The mixture reportedly forms a waterproof layer that helps to insulate the house from heat entry or loss and doesn't smell unpleasant. A relatively new process is to make building bricks from cow dung mixed with straw dust. The bricks are much lighter than conventional ones. It has been suggested that the manure residue from biogas production could be used instead of sawdust to make fiberboard. The manure, which contains fibers, would be sterilized and then mixed with resin to make the board. Fiberboard has many uses. It's used to manufacture furniture and floors in homes, for example. The high fiber content of cow dung also enables people to make paper from the dung. The dung is washed to extract the fibers, which can then be pressed into paper on a screen. Some people make cow dung paper as a hobby. The paper can also be bought commercially.

Cow dung host a wide variety of microorganisms varying in individual properties. Exploitation of cow dung microflora can contribute significantly in sustainable agriculture and energy requirements. It is one of the bio resources of this world which is available on large scale and still not fully utilized. The understanding of the mechanisms enabling cow dung microbes to degrade hydrocarbons can promote bioremediation of environmental pollutants. With recent advances in scientific research and techniques for complete genome sequences, the genes responsible for bioremediation can be identified. Another exciting area of research for future studies is developing microbial enzymes and antimicrobials. The production of enzymes by microorganisms from this cheap bio resource can find wide applications in various fields such as agriculture, chemistry and biotechnology. The application of cow dung microflora with considerable antimicrobial potential can result in the promotion of human health; however, comprehensive screening of these microorganisms for the production of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral metabolites needed to be investigated. It is certainly evident that more detailed studies of cow dung are needed, as there is still a tremendous scope for research and development to reach up to the industrial scale production of antibiotics and enzymes. In this way, cow dung may be considered as an easily available bio resource that holds a great potential for sustainable development in the near future.